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processes in climate models. The need for such improvements has been one of the most important limitations on the reliability of climate-change simulations. CMMAP will address this problem through a revolutionary new approach called the multi-scale modeling framework (MMF). Whereas conventional parameterizations are based on statistical theories involving uncertain closure assumptions, MMFs represent cloud processes on their native scales, and include the cloud-scale interactions among the many physical and chemical processes that are active in cloud systems. A very important strength of an MMF is that the results produced can be evaluated by comparison of simulated and observed cloud-scale processes.
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